Immunology of AIDS virus and mycobacterial co-infection.

While detrimental consequences of biological interaction between HIV and M. tuberculosis are well described, immune mechanisms underlying the evolution of HIV and mycobacterial coinfection remain poorly characterized. Recent studies in HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected monkeys have enhanced our understanding of complex issues of HIV and M. tuberculosis coinfection. Importantly, an anti-viral immune response and an associated control of AIDS virus infection can be induced during coinfection with mycobacterium or other pathogens in HIV-infected humans or SIV-infected monkeys. Restoration of anti-mycobacterial immunity during antiretroviral treatment can contribute to prevention and treatment of AIDS-related mycobacterial diseases. This article discusses recent progress in immune aspects of HIV and mycobacterial coinfection.