Probabilistic human health risk of PCDD/F exposure: a socioeconomic assessment.

The aim of the present study was to assess the human health risks (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) of PCDD/F exposure for the adult population living in two different areas (industrial and residential) of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain), as well as to compare these risks according to the socioeconomic status of the population. Two pathways were considered for PCDD/F exposure: direct (air inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion from soils and dust) and dietary. Although environmental exposure was higher for the population living in the neighborhood of the industrial area (mainly lower socioeconomic group subjects), it only accounted 1.05%. On the other hand, PCDD/F exposure through dietary intake was more important for those individuals of an upper socioeconomic level. This was due to the fact that their diet is richer in those foodstuffs containing higher PCDD/F concentrations. Consequently, taking together direct and dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs, the result is that upper socioeconomic group populations are more exposed to these toxic pollutants. In any case, the current levels of PCDD/F exposure would not mean significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for the population living in the industrial and residential areas of Tarragona.