| Literature DB >> 15464115 |
Jon O Ebbert1, Alan B Carr, Lowell C Dale.
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (ST) use is an important health issue in the United States, and chronic use leads to significant morbidity. ST users are exposed to levels of nicotine comparable with smokers and experience symptoms of nicotine withdrawal when attempting to stop. Clinical treatment of ST users requires an understanding of the unique characteristics of ST. This article reviews ST products, epidemiology, pharmacology, health risks, and treatment approaches.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2004 PMID: 15464115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2004.06.003
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Med Clin North Am ISSN: 0025-7125 Impact factor: 5.456