Effects of alcohol, practice, and task complexity on reaction time distributions.

The effects of alcohol (1.0 ml/kg body weight) and practice (2 sessions) were investigated in 2-, 4-, and 8-choice reaction time (RT) tasks with 24 male subjects. The number of errors increased with alcohol, practice, and increasing task complexity (choice). Mean RT decreased with practice, but increased with alcohol and complexity. Both the alcohol and practice effects on mean RT increased as complexity increased. The effects of alcohol, practice, and complexity were all larger for the higher percentiles of the RT distributions than for the lower percentiles. RT distributions were further analysed at each level of choice by plotting percentiles (5th, 10th, ... , 95th) for alcohol conditions against corresponding percentiles for no-alcohol conditions, and percentiles obtained early in practice (Session 1) against those obtained later in practice (Session 2). These plots revealed that whereas at all levels of choice the effect of alcohol could be expressed as a simple linear transformation of all RTs, the effect of practice required a more complex curvilinear transformation. Thus, alcohol produces a general slowing of all RTs, whereas practice produces a disproportionate improvement at the slower end of the RT distribution.