Training and assessment of laparoscopic skills using a haptic simulator.

Surgical simulation is a promising technique for training of laparoscopic surgery. Computer based simulation provides not only a cost effective alternative to traditional training but also a way to assess the surgeons performance. In this paper, we present a haptic simulator that allows for training and assessment of basic laparoscopic skills. The skills trained are modeled around a cholecystectomy procedure and include bi-manual dissection, clips setting, catheter insertion and cutting. The system uses accurate anatomic models of the organs involved in the procedure. This combined with effective methods for soft tissue deformation and haptic feedback, giving the surgeon a precise feeling of the interaction between organs and surgical instruments, provides a realistic training environment. The system has been designed with procedural training in mind and by putting together the individual tasks it will be possible to train on performing a complete cholecystectomy procedure.