BACKGROUND: Circulating C-peptide concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, associations between fructose and the quantity and quality of total carbohydrate intake in relation to C-peptide concentrations have not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association of dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake with fasting C-peptide concentrations. DESIGN: Plasma C-peptide concentrations were measured in a cross-sectional setting in 1999 healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study I and II. Dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake were assessed with the use of semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted fructose intake had 13.9% higher C-peptide concentrations (P for trend = 0.01) than did subjects in the lowest quintile. Similarly, in the multivariate model, subjects in the highest quintile of glycemic load had 14.1% (P for trend = 0.09) and 16.1% (P for trend = 0.04) higher C-peptide concentrations than did subjects in the lowest quintile after further adjustment for total fat or carbohydrate intake, respectively. In contrast, subjects with high intakes of cereal fiber had 15.6% lower (P for trend = 0.03) C-peptide concentrations after control for other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high intakes of fructose and high glycemic foods are associated with higher C-peptide concentrations, whereas consumption of carbohydrates high in fiber, such as whole-grain foods, is associated with lower C-peptide concentrations. Furthermore, our study suggests that these nutrients play divergent roles in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND: Circulating C-peptide concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, associations between fructose and the quantity and quality of total carbohydrate intake in relation to C-peptide concentrations have not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association of dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake with fasting C-peptide concentrations. DESIGN: Plasma C-peptide concentrations were measured in a cross-sectional setting in 1999 healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study I and II. Dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake were assessed with the use of semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted fructose intake had 13.9% higher C-peptide concentrations (P for trend = 0.01) than did subjects in the lowest quintile. Similarly, in the multivariate model, subjects in the highest quintile of glycemic load had 14.1% (P for trend = 0.09) and 16.1% (P for trend = 0.04) higher C-peptide concentrations than did subjects in the lowest quintile after further adjustment for total fat or carbohydrate intake, respectively. In contrast, subjects with high intakes of cereal fiber had 15.6% lower (P for trend = 0.03) C-peptide concentrations after control for other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high intakes of fructose and high glycemic foods are associated with higher C-peptide concentrations, whereas consumption of carbohydrates high in fiber, such as whole-grain foods, is associated with lower C-peptide concentrations. Furthermore, our study suggests that these nutrients play divergent roles in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Authors: D J A Jenkins; K Srichaikul; C W C Kendall; J L Sievenpiper; S Abdulnour; A Mirrahimi; C Meneses; S Nishi; X He; S Lee; Y T So; A Esfahani; S Mitchell; T L Parker; E Vidgen; R G Josse; L A Leiter Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2010-10-27 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Lone G Rasmussen; Hanne Winning; Francesco Savorani; Christian Ritz; Søren B Engelsen; Arne Astrup; Thomas M Larsen; Lars O Dragsted Journal: Genes Nutr Date: 2011-10-09 Impact factor: 5.523
Authors: Bruce E Maryanoff; John C O'Neill; David F McComsey; Stephen C Yabut; Diane K Luci; Alfonzo D Jordan; John A Masucci; William J Jones; Marta C Abad; Alan C Gibbs; Ioanna Petrounia Journal: ACS Med Chem Lett Date: 2011-04-18 Impact factor: 4.345
Authors: Mohammad M Abdullah; Natalie N Riediger; Qilin Chen; Zhaohui Zhao; Nazila Azordegan; Zuyuan Xu; Gabor Fischer; Rgia A Othman; Grant N Pierce; Paramjit S Tappia; Jitao Zou; Mohammed H Moghadasian Journal: Mol Cell Biochem Date: 2009-02-24 Impact factor: 3.396