BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a major cause of adverse perinatal outcome but effects on critical fetal and maternal circulations remain unclear. AIMS: To determine (1) the influence of habitual maternal cigarette smoking on blood flow velocities in uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries, and (2) the time-course of changes in these flows after smoking a cigarette. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 74 women who smoked and 69 non-smoking controls we measured Doppler blood flow velocity waveforms in the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral (MCA) arteries; smokers were divided into light (<10 cigarettes/day, n=28) and heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day, n=45). RESULTS: In the uterine artery there was no significant difference between the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio in smoking and non-smoking women; however, in smokers, a diastolic notch was more frequently observed in the uterine artery waveform than in controls (p<0.05), suggestive of a greater resistance in the uterine vasculature. In the umbilical artery, the S/D ratio was significantly greater in smokers than in non-smokers. In the fetal MCA, the S/D ratio was higher in heavy smokers than in light smokers (p<0.05) indicative of greater cerebrovascular resistance. There were no significant correlations between the interval between smoking the last cigarette and making the Doppler measurements and the S/D ratios in any of the vessels. CONCLUSION: Maternal cigarette smoking is associated with evidence of chronically increased resistances in the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries.
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a major cause of adverse perinatal outcome but effects on critical fetal and maternal circulations remain unclear. AIMS: To determine (1) the influence of habitual maternal cigarette smoking on blood flow velocities in uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries, and (2) the time-course of changes in these flows after smoking a cigarette. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 74 women who smoked and 69 non-smoking controls we measured Doppler blood flow velocity waveforms in the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral (MCA) arteries; smokers were divided into light (<10 cigarettes/day, n=28) and heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day, n=45). RESULTS: In the uterine artery there was no significant difference between the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio in smoking and non-smoking women; however, in smokers, a diastolic notch was more frequently observed in the uterine artery waveform than in controls (p<0.05), suggestive of a greater resistance in the uterine vasculature. In the umbilical artery, the S/D ratio was significantly greater in smokers than in non-smokers. In the fetal MCA, the S/D ratio was higher in heavy smokers than in light smokers (p<0.05) indicative of greater cerebrovascular resistance. There were no significant correlations between the interval between smoking the last cigarette and making the Doppler measurements and the S/D ratios in any of the vessels. CONCLUSION: Maternal cigarette smoking is associated with evidence of chronically increased resistances in the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries.
Authors: Jamie O Lo; Matthias C Schabel; Victoria H J Roberts; Terry K Morgan; Juha P Rasanen; Christopher D Kroenke; Sophie R Shoemaker; Eliot R Spindel; Antonio E Frias Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 8.661
Authors: Amy Sommer; Susan H Blanton; Katelyn Weymouth; Christine Alvarez; B Stephen Richards; Douglas Barnes; Jacqueline T Hecht Journal: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol Date: 2010-12-01
Authors: Philip B Cawkwell; Lily Lee; Jenni Shearston; Scott E Sherman; Michael Weitzman Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2016-07-11 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Sherry Zhou; David G Rosenthal; Scott Sherman; Judith Zelikoff; Terry Gordon; Michael Weitzman Journal: Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care Date: 2014-06-25