Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis.

Between August 1989 and December 1990, twenty-five patients with a preoperative diagnosis of acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Twenty-one patients (84%) had abdominal tenderness, 16 (64%) had leukocytosis, and 10 (40%) had fever. Eleven patients (44%) came to the hospital with only one of these previously mentioned clinical signs. Six patients (24%) had two clinical signs. Eight patients (32%) came to the physician with all three findings. The length of surgery correlated directly with the number of presenting clinical signs. The average operating time was 119 minutes. Intraoperative cholangiograms were routinely performed on all patients. Four patients (16%) had common bile duct stones. The average hospitalization was 3.8 days and patients returned to work or routine physical activity between 3 days and 2 weeks (average 8 days) after surgery. There were three wound infections and two cases of hyperamylasemia. One patient developed urinary retention and another had a CO2 embolus. There were no intra-abdominal abscesses and no mortality. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis is technically difficult. The incidence of common bile duct stones is greater than in elective cases, and routine cholangiography is crucial. With sufficient experience and skill, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely in patients with acute cholecystitis.