Multiple activities of the human splicing factor ASF.

The effects of human alternative splicing factor, ASF, on in vitro splicing of adenovirus E1A pre-mRNA were examined. E1A pre-mRNA is a complex substrate, and splicing in HeLa cell nuclear extracts produces six different RNAs using three alternative 5' splice sites and two 3' splice sites. Addition of excess ASF to splicing reactions produced a simplified splicing pattern, in which only one spliced product, 13S RNA, was detected. Inhibition of 12S and 9S splicing, which use 5' splice sites upstream of the 13S 5' splice site, extends previous observations that when multiple 5' splice sites compete for the same 3' splice site, ASF causes preferential selection of the proximal 5' splice site. However, inhibition of the other splices, which use a different upstream 3' splice site, represents a novel activity of ASF, as competition between 5' splice sites is not involved. The effect of ASF on 12S splicing was found to depend on its position relative to competing 5' splice sites, indicating that the ability of ASF to activate proximal 5' splice sites is position- but not sequence-dependent. Finally, addition of small amounts of ASF to ASF-lacking S100 extract was able to activate distal as well as proximal 5' splice sites in two of three pre-mRNAs tested, indicating that in these cases changes in the concentration of ASF alone can be sufficient to modulate alternative 5' splice site selection.