Who wants to be involved? Decision-making preferences among residents of long-term care facilities.

While the benefits of participating in care or medical decision making are widely reported, research on decision-making participation preferences usually reveals some portion of individuals who do not want to be involved. Data collected through structured, in-person interviews with 100 residents of six long-term care (LTC) facilities in Victoria, British Columbia, were used to examine participation preferences with respect to four types of care decisions (bedtimes, medication choice, room transfer, and advance directives), as well as predictors of these preferences. Residents with higher levels of formal education, a greater number of chronic conditions, and greater confidence about the worth of their input tend to prefer more active involvement in decision making. This research also suggests that predictors of preference for independent control over decision making (active involvement) differ from predictors of preference for joint or shared decision making. Implications for the empowerment of LTC facility residents and the meaning of decision-making involvement in these environments are discussed.