State public policy: the impacts of Oklahoma's physician incentive programs.

The enactment of Medicare and Medicaid created a sudden and significant increase in demand for physician services in Oklahoma. As a response, the Oklahoma Legislature established the Physician Manpower Training Commission in 1975. The intent was to provide incentives for graduating physicians to remain in Oklahoma, especially in rural areas. This analysis examines the retention rates experienced during the 25-year period of 1976-2001. It is observed that 82% of program physicians are currently practicing in Oklahoma. This retention proportion compares to only 36% for National Health Service Corps physicians who were obligated to practice in Oklahoma. Additionally, Oklahoma has experienced a 67% retention proportion in rural areas. During this period, 633 physicians have received an estimated dollar 19 million in loans and scholarships. This is an average of dollar 30,000 per recipient. In return, each of these physicians will create 34 jobs and almost dollar 1 million of annual income.