[The "Lower Saxony/Northern Rhine-Westphalia" Neuroblastoma Screening Project: on the need for epidemiologic comparison].

The proof for the general evolution of metastatic neuroblastoma from localized disease by a low-speed process is lacking. The epidemiological approach would require the decrease of neuroblastoma related mortality by reduction of the number of metastatic cases per population unit as a result of a screening program. During 1983 through 1990 the neuroblastoma incidence in the FRG was 0.85-1.09 cases per 100,000 children less than 15 years of age. The mortality rate ranged between 0.25 and 0.49 deaths per 100,000 children. The project "Niedersachsen/Nordrhein-Westfalen" started April 1st, 1992 and is investigating urinary catecholamine metabolite excretion in infants at the age of 10-12 months and for a second time in toddlers at 17-19 months. The target population includes 24.7 million inhabitants with 267,000 births per year. The urine sampled on filter paper is analyzed using thin layer chromatography. Positive and questionable positive results are confirmed by HPLC and GC-MS. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility of the chosen approach. Furthermore first epidemiological data will be obtained. Until a population-based study on neuroblastoma mortality in screened versus controlled populations has proven the usefulness of the screening it cannot be recommended as a general service to the public.