[Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with uveitic macular edema].

BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new, noninvasive method and has been well established as an effective diagnostic procedure for the investigation of several macular diseases. Knowledge about the efficacy of OCT in the diagnosis and follow-up of macular edema in uveitis patients is still limited. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the first part of the study, OCT was performed in 22 eyes of 18 patients with anterior or intermediate uveitis who showed angiographic and fundoscopic evidence of macular edema. The OCT results were compared with the visual acuity and fundoscopic and angiographic appearance of macular edema. In the second part of the study, the same patients were followed over a period of approximately 5 months (+/-2 months) and OCT was repeated at different time points during treatment of uveitic macula edema.
RESULTS: OCT investigation also showed clear evidence of macular edema in all eyes and was not compromised by a low or medium degree of optical haze. Furthermore, OCT investigation revealed marked differences in the individual degree of macular edema (foveal heights 168-810 microm). Diffuse macular edema ( n = 4 ) and different types of cystoid macular edema (several distinguished cysts n = 6, partially or completely confluent cysts n = 11, one marked cyst n = 1) were observed. During the follow-up of the patients, OCT results, visual acuity, and fundoscopic appearance of the macula showed a comparable behavior. In some eyes, a stable visual acuity was accompanied by changes of foveal edema demonstrated by OCT.
CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography is a safe and highly effective method in the diagnosis of macular edema in uveitis associated with low or medium haze of the optical media. Furthermore, OCT investigation seems to be useful in the follow-up of uveitic macular edema under treatment.