The use of controlled analgesics in a general population (15-59 years)--the influence of age, gender, morbidity, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors.

The use of controlled analgesics (codeine, buprenorphine and pentazocine preparations) was studied through drugs dispensed (prescriptions) over a one-year period in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway. Drug use was linked to information from the Tromsø Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey where the population was invited to a health screening. The study sample comprised 9640 women and 9141 men between 15 and 59 years of age. About 9% of the population had obtained one or more prescriptions. Combined codeine preparations dominated, and the average amount purchased was 25 defined daily doses/year. The use was mainly sporadic, but regular use did occur. Low self-evaluated health, headache suffering and former use of analgesics and psychotropics were the most significant predictors. However, daily smoking and low education level were also significant predictors. Drug use increased significantly with age, but only a minor gender difference was observed. After adjustment for differences in health problems the gender difference became insignificant.