Effect of psychological treatment on cognitive bias in motor vehicle accident-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

The modified or "emotional" Stroop paradigm has been frequently employed in previous evaluations of information processing models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders. These studies have frequently documented an attentional bias to trauma-specific threatening stimuli in PTSD patients. However, the response of the Stroop color-naming interference effect to psychological treatment has yet to be tested in a trauma population. The present study evaluated the effects of three treatment conditions on the Stroop interference effect in motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors with PTSD. Following treatment, participants were classified as either treatment responders or nonresponders. Participants named the color of three types of stimuli: MVA trauma-specific words, neutral words, and nonwords. Results showed that change in selective color-naming interference for trauma cues was unrelated to treatment response or modality at either posttreatment or follow-up. Findings cast doubt on the clinical utility of the modified Stroop test as a measure of treatment outcome in this population.