| Literature DB >> 15019748 |
Samir Mitragotri1, Joseph Kost.
Abstract
Application of ultrasound enhances skin permeability to a variety of molecules (sonophoresis). The enhancement induced by ultrasound is particularly significant at low-frequencies (f<100 kHz, low-frequency sonophoresis). This review summarizes mechanisms and applications of low-frequency sonophoresis. In vitro, in vivo, as well as clinical studies demonstrating the effect of low-frequency ultrasound on transdermal drug delivery and glucose extraction are summarized. Mechanistic insights gained through a number of investigations are also reviewed. Finally, reports on the synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound with other enhancers including chemicals and iontophoresis are summarized.Entities:
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Year: 2004 PMID： 15019748 DOI： 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.024
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Adv Drug Deliv Rev ISSN： 0169-409X Impact factor: 15.470