Galvanotaxis of slime mold.

The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum reacts to direct current by migration toward the cathode. Cathodal migration was obtained upon a variety of substrata such as baked clay, paper, cellophane, and agar with a current density in the substratum of 1.0 microa./mm.(2) Injury was produced by current densities of 8.0 to 12.0 microa./mm.(2) The negative galvanotactic response was not due to electrode products. Attempts to demonstrate that the response was due to gradients or orientation in the substratum, pH changes in the mold, cataphoresis, electroosmosis, or endosmosis were not successful. The addition of salts (CaCl(2), LiCl, NaCl, Na(2)SO(4), NaHCO(3), KCl, MgSO(4), sodium citrate, and sea water) to agar indicated that change of cations had more effect than anions upon galvanotaxis and that the effect was upon threshold values. K ion (0.01 M KCl) increased the lower threshold value to 8.0 microa./mm.(2) and the upper threshold value to 32.0 microa./mm.(2), whereas the Li ion (0.01 M LiCl) increased the lower threshold to only 4.0 microa./mm.(2) and the upper threshold to only 16.0 microa./mm.(2) The passage of electric current produced no increase in the rate of cathodal migration; neither was there a decrease until injurious current densities were reached. With increase of subthreshold current densities there was a progressive decrease in rate of migration toward the anode until complete anodal inhibition occurred. There was orientation at right angles to the electrodes in alternating current (60 cycle) with current density of 4.0 microa./mm.(2) and in direct current of 5.0 microa./mm.(2) when polarity of current was reversed every minute. It is concluded that the negative galvanotactic response of P. polycephalum is due to inhibition of migration on the anodal side of the plasmodium and that this inhibition results in the limitation of the normal migration of the mold to a cathodal direction. The mechanism of the anodal inhibition has not been elucidated.