Combining classical, genetic, and process strategies for improved precursor-directed production of 6-deoxyerythronolide B analogues.

A process for the production of erythromycin aglycone analogues has been developed by combining classical strain mutagenesis techniques with modern recombinant DNA methods and traditional process improvement strategies. A Streptomyces coelicolor strain expressing the heterologous 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-dEB) synthase (DEBS) for the production of erythromycin aglycones was subjected to random mutagenesis and selection. Several strains exhibiting 2-fold higher productivities and reaching >3 g/L total macrolide aglycones were developed. These mutagenized strains were cured of the plasmid carrying the DEBS genes and a KS1 degrees mutant DEBS operon was introduced for the production of novel analogues when supplemented with a synthetic diketide precursor. The strains expressing the mutant DEBS were screened for improved 15-methyl-6-dEB production, and the best clone, strain B9, was found to be 50% more productive as compared to the parent host strain used for 15-methyl-6-dEB production. Strain B9 was evaluated in 5-L fermenters to confirm productivity in a scalable process. Although peak titers of 0.85 g/L 15-methyl-6-dEB by strain B9 confirmed improved productivity, it was hypothesized that the low solubility of 15-methyl-6-dEB limited productivity. The solubility of 15-methyl-6-dEB in water was determined to be 0.25-0.40 g/L, although higher titers are possible in fermentation medium. The incorporation of the hydrophobic resin XAD-16HP resulted in both the in situ adsorption of the product and the slow release of the diketide precursor. The resin-containing fermentation achieved 1.3 g/L 15-methyl-6-dEB, 50% higher than the resin-free process. By combining classical mutagenesis, recombinant DNA techniques, and process development, 15-methyl-6-dEB productivity was increased by over 100% in a scalable fermentation process.