Single-center retrospective study of long-term use of low-dose acitretin (Soriatane) for psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Indicated as monotherapy for severe psoriasis in adults, acitretin (Soriatane) can be used in combination therapy or as a 'disease-stabilizing, maintenance' agent. While its efficacy for psoriasis and other disorders of keratinization is well established, its safety is often a concern for many dermatologists. The possible side effects associated with short-term treatment of oral retinoids include mucocutaneous effects, elevation in serum lipid chemistries and liver enzymes, and teratogenicity. However, the only possible long-term, cumulative side effect is skeletal and ligamentous calcification such as hyperostosis. There is a specific syndrome of hyperostosis associated with oral retinoids called DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis).
OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of DISH syndrome in long-term acitretin use for psoriasis and to quantify the incidence of other side effects.
METHODS: All patients seen at the UCSF Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center who had been on acitretin for more than 1 year were identified.
RESULTS: A chart review of these patients revealed no X-ray-confirmed cases of DISH syndrome, minimal changes in coronary heart disease risk indicators, and extremely rare significant elevation of liver enzymes.
CONCLUSION: Acitretin does not appear to cause significant long-term side effects at low doses; the implications for thousands of patients are that use of this medication can be continued for long periods of time with routine monitoring.