Glutathione and antioxidant enzymes in skeletal muscle: effects of fiber type and exercise intensity.

Glutathione status and antioxidant enzymes in various types of rat skeletal muscle were studied after an acute bout of exercise (Ex) at different intensities. Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations were the highest in soleus (SO) muscle, followed by those in deep (DVL) and then superficial (SVL) portions of vastus lateralis. In DVL, but not in SO or SVL, muscle GSH increased proportionally with Ex intensity and reached 1.8 +/- 0.08 mumol/g wet wt compared with 1.5 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.05) in resting controls (R). GSSG in DVL was increased from 0.10 +/- 0.01 mumol/g wet wt in R to 0.14 +/- 0.01 (P < 0.05) after Ex. Total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) contents in DVL were also significantly elevated with Ex, whereas GSH/GSSG ratio was unchanged. Activities of GSH peroxidase (GPX), GSSG reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) were significantly higher in SO than in DVL and SVL, but there was no difference in superoxide dismutase activity between the three muscle types. Furthermore, Ex at moderate intensities elicited significant increases in GPX, GR, and CAT activities in DVL muscle. None of the antioxidant enzymes was affected by exercise in SO. It is concluded that rat DVL muscle is particularly vulnerable to exercise-induced free radical damage and that a disturbance of muscle GSH status is indicative of an oxidative stress.