BACKGROUND: Although considerable evidence indicates neuronal Ca channels play significant roles in pain perception, their possible importance in hypersensitization after acute inflammation has not been investigated. METHODS: Using carrageenan for inducing hypersensitization, the authors investigated the analgesic effects of intrathecally administered N- and P/Q-type channel blockers, omega-conotoxin GVIA and omega-agatoxin IVA, respectively, and also examined the level of N-type channel expression. RESULTS: Acute inflammation, produced by carrageenan injection in a rat hind paw, caused mechanical hypersensitivity that resolved within several days. Injection of prostaglandin E2 into the same hind paw after resolution caused a markedly prolonged mechanical allodynia lasting more than 4 h. Similar but less potent prolonged allodynia was also induced in the contralateral hind paws. Intrathecal administration of omega-conotoxin GVIA (0.03-0.3 microg) produced dose-dependent inhibition of the allodynia in both control and carrageenan-preconditioned rats. However, the potency of omega-conotoxin GVIA was significantly lower in carrageenan-preconditioned paws than in those in the contralateral and saline-preconditioned paws. In contrast, omega-agatoxin IVA (0.01-0.1 microg) did not reduce the allodynia. Significant up-regulation of N-type channel expression was observed in both dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord ipsilateral to the carrageenan-preconditioned hind paw. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an aggravating role of the N-type channel in pain sensation and a selective plastic change of this channel expression that could underlie the mechanism of hypersensitization after acute inflammation.
BACKGROUND: Although considerable evidence indicates neuronal Ca channels play significant roles in pain perception, their possible importance in hypersensitization after acute inflammation has not been investigated. METHODS: Using carrageenan for inducing hypersensitization, the authors investigated the analgesic effects of intrathecally administered N- and P/Q-type channel blockers, omega-conotoxin GVIA and omega-agatoxin IVA, respectively, and also examined the level of N-type channel expression. RESULTS: Acute inflammation, produced by carrageenan injection in a rat hind paw, caused mechanical hypersensitivity that resolved within several days. Injection of prostaglandin E2 into the same hind paw after resolution caused a markedly prolonged mechanical allodynia lasting more than 4 h. Similar but less potent prolonged allodynia was also induced in the contralateral hind paws. Intrathecal administration of omega-conotoxin GVIA (0.03-0.3 microg) produced dose-dependent inhibition of the allodynia in both control and carrageenan-preconditioned rats. However, the potency of omega-conotoxin GVIA was significantly lower in carrageenan-preconditioned paws than in those in the contralateral and saline-preconditioned paws. In contrast, omega-agatoxin IVA (0.01-0.1 microg) did not reduce the allodynia. Significant up-regulation of N-type channel expression was observed in both dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord ipsilateral to the carrageenan-preconditioned hind paw. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an aggravating role of the N-type channel in pain sensation and a selective plastic change of this channel expression that could underlie the mechanism of hypersensitization after acute inflammation.
Authors: Timothy A Vortherms; Andrew M Swensen; Wende Niforatos; James T Limberis; Torben R Neelands; Richard S Janis; Rama Thimmapaya; Diana L Donnelly-Roberts; Marian T Namovic; Di Zhang; C Brent Putman; Ruth L Martin; Carol S Surowy; Michael F Jarvis; Victoria E Scott Journal: Inflamm Res Date: 2011-03-11 Impact factor: 4.575