Literature DB >> 14577743

Requiring help injecting as a risk factor for HIV infection in the Vancouver epidemic: implications for HIV prevention.

Evan Wood1, Patricia M Spittal, Thomas Kerr, Will Small, Mark W Tyndall, Michael V O'Shaughnessy, Martin T Schechter.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Requiring help injecting was recently associated with syringe sharing, and later HIV-1 and HCV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDU) in Vancouver. This risk factor remains poorly understood. The present study investigates this risk factor among Vancouver IDUs.
METHODS: We evaluated factors associated with requiring help injecting among participants enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug User Study (VIDUS) using univariate and logistic regression analyses. VIDUS participants who were followed-up during the period December 2000 to December 2001 were eligible for the present analyses. We also evaluated self-reported reasons for requiring help injecting.
RESULTS: Overall, 661 active injection drug users were interviewed during the study period. Among this population, 151 (22.8%) had required help injecting during the last six months, whereas 510 (77.2%) indicated that they had not. Variables that were independently associated with requiring help injecting included borrowing a used syringe (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.18), frequent cocaine injection (AOR = 1.57), and female gender (AOR = 2.29). Among males, the most common reasons for requiring help injecting were: having no viable veins (77.1%), and anxiousness or being drug sick (42.9%). Among females, the most common reasons reported were: having no viable veins (71.6%), jugular injection or 'jugging' (45.7%), and being anxious or drug sick (27.2%). Almost twice as many females (13.6% vs 7.1%) reported not knowing how to inject as their reason for requiring help injecting.
CONCLUSION: Although current public health approaches, such as needle exchange, are unable to address the concerns associated with requiring help injecting, available evidence suggests that safer injecting facilities have the potential to substantially mitigate this risk behaviour.

Entities:  

Mesh:

Year:  2003        PMID: 14577743      PMCID: PMC6979944     

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Can J Public Health        ISSN: 0008-4263


  20 in total

1.  Injection drug use and despair through the lens of gender.

Authors:  P M Spittal; M T Schechter
Journal:  CMAJ       Date:  2001-03-20       Impact factor: 8.262

2.  Do needle exchange programmes increase the spread of HIV among injection drug users?: an investigation of the Vancouver outbreak.

Authors:  M T Schechter; S A Strathdee; P G Cornelisse; S Currie; D M Patrick; M L Rekart; M V O'Shaughnessy
Journal:  AIDS       Date:  1999-04-16       Impact factor: 4.177

3.  Harm reduction: closing the distance.

Authors: 
Journal:  CMAJ       Date:  2001-08-21       Impact factor: 8.262

4.  Safe injection facilities in Canada: is it time?

Authors:  T Kerr; A Palepu
Journal:  CMAJ       Date:  2001-08-21       Impact factor: 8.262

5.  Audio-computer interviewing to measure risk behaviour for HIV among injecting drug users: a quasi-randomised trial.

Authors:  D C Des Jarlais; D Paone; J Milliken; C F Turner; H Miller; J Gribble; Q Shi; H Hagan; S R Friedman
Journal:  Lancet       Date:  1999-05-15       Impact factor: 79.321

6.  Establishing safe injection facilities in Canada: legal and ethical issues.

Authors:  Richard Elliott; Ian Malkin; Jennifer Gold
Journal:  Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev       Date:  2002-03

7.  Reliability of self-reported human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors in a residential drug treatment population.

Authors:  J De Irala; C Bigelow; J McCusker; R Hindin; L Zheng
Journal:  Am J Epidemiol       Date:  1996-04-01       Impact factor: 4.897

8.  [Evaluation of street facilities I, II and III in Basel].

Authors:  C Ronco; G Spuhler; P Coda; R Schöpfer
Journal:  Soz Praventivmed       Date:  1996

9.  Social determinants predict needle-sharing behaviour among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada.

Authors:  S A Strathdee; D M Patrick; C P Archibald; M Ofner; P G Cornelisse; M Rekart; M T Schechter; M V O'Shaughnessy
Journal:  Addiction       Date:  1997-10       Impact factor: 6.526

10.  Risk factors for elevated HIV incidence rates among female injection drug users in Vancouver.

Authors:  Patricia M Spittal; Kevin J P Craib; Evan Wood; Nancy Laliberté; Kathy Li; Mark W Tyndall; Michael V O'Shaughnessy; Martin T Schechter
Journal:  CMAJ       Date:  2002-04-02       Impact factor: 8.262

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  38 in total

1.  Service uptake and characteristics of injection drug users utilizing North America's first medically supervised safer injecting facility.

Authors:  Evan Wood; Mark W Tyndall; Zhenguo Qui; Ruth Zhang; Julio S G Montaner; Thomas Kerr
Journal:  Am J Public Health       Date:  2006-03-29       Impact factor: 9.308

2.  Summary of findings from the evaluation of a pilot medically supervised safer injecting facility.

Authors:  Evan Wood; Mark W Tyndall; Julio S Montaner; Thomas Kerr
Journal:  CMAJ       Date:  2006-11-21       Impact factor: 8.262

3.  Incidence and determinants of initiation into cocaine injection and correlates of frequent cocaine injectors.

Authors:  Elisa Lloyd-Smith; Evan Wood; Kathy Li; Julio S G Montaner; Thomas Kerr
Journal:  Drug Alcohol Depend       Date:  2008-09-20       Impact factor: 4.492

4.  High Prevalence of Assisted Injection Among Street-Involved Youth in a Canadian Setting.

Authors:  Tessa Cheng; Thomas Kerr; Will Small; Huiru Dong; Julio Montaner; Evan Wood; Kora DeBeck
Journal:  AIDS Behav       Date:  2016-02

5.  Increasing awareness about HIV prevention among young people who initiated injection drug use in a Canadian setting, 1988-2014.

Authors:  Anees Bahji; Evan Wood; Keith Ahamad; Huiru Dong; Kora DeBeck; M-J Milloy; Thomas Kerr; Kanna Hayashi
Journal:  Int J Drug Policy       Date:  2015-09-30

6.  The Cedar Project: historical trauma, sexual abuse and HIV risk among young Aboriginal people who use injection and non-injection drugs in two Canadian cities.

Authors:  Margo E Pearce; Wayne M Christian; Katharina Patterson; Kat Norris; Akm Moniruzzaman; Kevin J P Craib; Martin T Schechter; Patricia M Spittal
Journal:  Soc Sci Med       Date:  2008-06       Impact factor: 4.634

7.  Potential use of safer injecting facilities among injection drug users in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside.

Authors:  Thomas Kerr; Evan Wood; Dan Small; Anita Palepu; Mark W Tyndall
Journal:  CMAJ       Date:  2003-10-14       Impact factor: 8.262

8.  An external evaluation of a peer-run "unsanctioned" syringe exchange program.

Authors:  Evan Wood; Thomas Kerr; Patricia M Spittal; William Small; Mark W Tyndall; Michael V O'Shaughnessy; Martin T Schechter
Journal:  J Urban Health       Date:  2003-09       Impact factor: 3.671

9.  Assisted injection in outdoor venues: an observational study of risks and implications for service delivery and harm reduction programming.

Authors:  Elisa Lloyd-Smith; Beth S Rachlis; Diane Tobin; Dave Stone; Kathy Li; Will Small; Evan Wood; Thomas Kerr
Journal:  Harm Reduct J       Date:  2010-03-19

10.  The perspectives of injection drug users regarding safer injecting education delivered through a supervised injecting facility.

Authors:  Danya Fast; Will Small; Evan Wood; Thomas Kerr
Journal:  Harm Reduct J       Date:  2008-10-29
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