DNA based biosensors.

Compared to advances in enzyme sensors, immunosensors, and microbial biosensors, relatively little work exists on DNA based biosensors. Here we review the DNA based biosensors that rely on nucleic acid hybridization. Major types DNA biosensors--electrochemical, optical, acoustic, and piezoelectric--are introduced and compared. The specificity and response characteristics of DNA biosensors are discussed. Overall, a promising future is foreseen for the DNA based sensor technology.