Establishment of a model of cortical bone repair in mice.

A model of cortical bone repair has been established for use in mice. The cortical defect consisted of a hole drilled through the entire diameter of the tibial diaphysis. The hematoma that initially filled the drill site was invaded by cells of mesenchymal appearance within 5 days of injury. Trabeculae of mineralized woven bone were present throughout the drill site by day 9. A reaction in the periosteum adjacent to the drill site, consisting of both new bone and cartilage formation, preceded deposition of bone tissue in the drill site. New woven bone was modeled to restore the marrow cavity to normal by 4 weeks after injury, and almost normal cortical structure was achieved by 6 weeks after injury. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that type III collagen was expressed within the drill site by day 5, reached a peak at day 7, and was diminished by day 9. In contrast, type I collagen was first detectable in the drill site at day 7, and staining was more intense by day 9. Osteopontin expression in the drill site coincided with the process of mineralization of new bone in this location. The model of bone repair described here provides a method for inducing reproducible bone lesions in a readily identifiable location in mice. It will be useful in the investigation of bone cell function in mouse strains that have been subjected to genetic manipulation.