OBJECTIVE: Smoking is consistently associated with a younger age for menopause. Although this may be because of the direct toxic effects of tobacco smoke on follicles, we hypothesize that there may also be a relationship between smoking and a vascular origin of early menopausal onset. Several lifestyle factors have been investigated, but never factors of the clotting cascade. The objective of this study, then, was to determine the effect of factor V Leiden mutation and smoking with respect to age at menopause. DESIGN: Data were used from a subset of 373 postmenopausal participants of a Dutch population-based cohort, born between 1911 and 1925. All women had experienced natural menopause, without use of hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Female carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation (n = 14) reported the onset of menopause at an earlier age than noncarriers (n = 359; difference, 3.1 years; 95% CI: 0.3, 5.9). Smoker carriers (n = 5) were 4.3 years younger at menopause than smoker noncarriers (n = 92; 95% CI: 0.9,7.6). In nonsmokers, this relationship was less strong. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the factor V Leiden mutation was related, but not statistically significant, to an earlier age at menopause; smoking possibly enhances this effect. The mutation can be one of the genetic determinants of menopausal age operating through a vascular mechanism.
OBJECTIVE: Smoking is consistently associated with a younger age for menopause. Although this may be because of the direct toxic effects of tobacco smoke on follicles, we hypothesize that there may also be a relationship between smoking and a vascular origin of early menopausal onset. Several lifestyle factors have been investigated, but never factors of the clotting cascade. The objective of this study, then, was to determine the effect of factor V Leiden mutation and smoking with respect to age at menopause. DESIGN: Data were used from a subset of 373 postmenopausal participants of a Dutch population-based cohort, born between 1911 and 1925. All women had experienced natural menopause, without use of hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Female carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation (n = 14) reported the onset of menopause at an earlier age than noncarriers (n = 359; difference, 3.1 years; 95% CI: 0.3, 5.9). Smoker carriers (n = 5) were 4.3 years younger at menopause than smoker noncarriers (n = 92; 95% CI: 0.9,7.6). In nonsmokers, this relationship was less strong. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the factor V Leiden mutation was related, but not statistically significant, to an earlier age at menopause; smoking possibly enhances this effect. The mutation can be one of the genetic determinants of menopausal age operating through a vascular mechanism.
Authors: Kristel M van Asselt; Helen S Kok; Hein Putter; Cisca Wijmenga; Petra H M Peeters; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Diederick E Grobbee; Egbert R te Velde; Sietse Mosselman; Peter L Pearson Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2004-02-04 Impact factor: 11.025
Authors: Chunyan He; Peter Kraft; Daniel I Chasman; Julie E Buring; Constance Chen; Susan E Hankinson; Guillaume Paré; Stephen Chanock; Paul M Ridker; David J Hunter Journal: Hum Genet Date: 2010-08-24 Impact factor: 4.132
Authors: Lisette Stolk; John R B Perry; Daniel I Chasman; Chunyan He; Massimo Mangino; Patrick Sulem; Maja Barbalic; Linda Broer; Enda M Byrne; Florian Ernst; Tõnu Esko; Nora Franceschini; Daniel F Gudbjartsson; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Peter Kraft; Patrick F McArdle; Eleonora Porcu; So-Youn Shin; Albert V Smith; Sophie van Wingerden; Guangju Zhai; Wei V Zhuang; Eva Albrecht; Behrooz Z Alizadeh; Thor Aspelund; Stefania Bandinelli; Lovorka Barac Lauc; Jacques S Beckmann; Mladen Boban; Eric Boerwinkle; Frank J Broekmans; Andrea Burri; Harry Campbell; Stephen J Chanock; Constance Chen; Marilyn C Cornelis; Tanguy Corre; Andrea D Coviello; Pio d'Adamo; Gail Davies; Ulf de Faire; Eco J C de Geus; Ian J Deary; George V Z Dedoussis; Panagiotis Deloukas; Shah Ebrahim; Gudny Eiriksdottir; Valur Emilsson; Johan G Eriksson; Bart C J M Fauser; Liana Ferreli; Luigi Ferrucci; Krista Fischer; Aaron R Folsom; Melissa E Garcia; Paolo Gasparini; Christian Gieger; Nicole Glazer; Diederick E Grobbee; Per Hall; Toomas Haller; Susan E Hankinson; Merli Hass; Caroline Hayward; Andrew C Heath; Albert Hofman; Erik Ingelsson; A Cecile J W Janssens; Andrew D Johnson; David Karasik; Sharon L R Kardia; Jules Keyzer; Douglas P Kiel; Ivana Kolcic; Zoltán Kutalik; Jari Lahti; Sandra Lai; Triin Laisk; Joop S E Laven; Debbie A Lawlor; Jianjun Liu; Lorna M Lopez; Yvonne V Louwers; Patrik K E Magnusson; Mara Marongiu; Nicholas G Martin; Irena Martinovic Klaric; Corrado Masciullo; Barbara McKnight; Sarah E Medland; David Melzer; Vincent Mooser; Pau Navarro; Anne B Newman; Dale R Nyholt; N Charlotte Onland-Moret; Aarno Palotie; Guillaume Paré; Alex N Parker; Nancy L Pedersen; Petra H M Peeters; Giorgio Pistis; Andrew S Plump; Ozren Polasek; Victor J M Pop; Bruce M Psaty; Katri Räikkönen; Emil Rehnberg; Jerome I Rotter; Igor Rudan; Cinzia Sala; Andres Salumets; Angelo Scuteri; Andrew Singleton; Jennifer A Smith; Harold Snieder; Nicole Soranzo; Simon N Stacey; John M Starr; Maria G Stathopoulou; Kathleen Stirrups; Ronald P Stolk; Unnur Styrkarsdottir; Yan V Sun; Albert Tenesa; Barbara Thorand; Daniela Toniolo; Laufey Tryggvadottir; Kim Tsui; Sheila Ulivi; Rob M van Dam; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Carla H van Gils; Peter van Nierop; Jacqueline M Vink; Peter M Visscher; Marlies Voorhuis; Gérard Waeber; Henri Wallaschofski; H Erich Wichmann; Elisabeth Widen; Colette J M Wijnands-van Gent; Gonneke Willemsen; James F Wilson; Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel; Alan F Wright; Laura M Yerges-Armstrong; Tatijana Zemunik; Lina Zgaga; M Carola Zillikens; Marek Zygmunt; Alice M Arnold; Dorret I Boomsma; Julie E Buring; Laura Crisponi; Ellen W Demerath; Vilmundur Gudnason; Tamara B Harris; Frank B Hu; David J Hunter; Lenore J Launer; Andres Metspalu; Grant W Montgomery; Ben A Oostra; Paul M Ridker; Serena Sanna; David Schlessinger; Tim D Spector; Kari Stefansson; Elizabeth A Streeten; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Manuela Uda; André G Uitterlinden; Cornelia M van Duijn; Henry Völzke; Anna Murray; Joanne M Murabito; Jenny A Visser; Kathryn L Lunetta Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2012-01-22 Impact factor: 38.330