Sanaa Eissa1, Samar Kassim, Omar El-Ahmady. 1. Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Biochemistry Department, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt. sanaa_eissa@hotmail.com
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cystoscopy is currently considered the gold standard for the detection of bladder tumours. The role of urine cytology in the initial detection and follow-up of patients is under discussion. Many efforts have been made to increase the detection rates and to predict the outcome of bladder cancer. In this subject review, a series of morphology-based, biochemical and molecular markers were compared with urine cytology for the detection of bladder cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: Among the various markers reviewed, the average published sensitivity and specificity for the Bard tumour antigen test was 60 and 77%; for the nuclear matrix protein 22 test it was 67 and 72%; for the hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase test it was 91 and 84%; for the ImmunoCyt it was 90 and 75%; for fluorescence in-situ hybridization it was 85 and 95%; for the telomerase assay it was 77 and 85%; and for the microsatellite assay it was 89 and 100%. DNA ploidy measurements, recent molecular markers and immunoassays designed to detect keratins, proteins, cell adhesion molecules, fibrinogen degradation products, and fibrinolysis markers were also included. SUMMARY: As is clear from the brief summary of available assays, the optimal method of application is not yet clear. The integration of an assay into clinical practice takes more than just the documentation of its sensitivity and specificity. However, several of the procedures have received considerable support from urologists as assisting them in the management of their patients.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cystoscopy is currently considered the gold standard for the detection of bladder tumours. The role of urine cytology in the initial detection and follow-up of patients is under discussion. Many efforts have been made to increase the detection rates and to predict the outcome of bladder cancer. In this subject review, a series of morphology-based, biochemical and molecular markers were compared with urine cytology for the detection of bladder cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: Among the various markers reviewed, the average published sensitivity and specificity for the Bard tumour antigen test was 60 and 77%; for the nuclear matrix protein 22 test it was 67 and 72%; for the hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase test it was 91 and 84%; for the ImmunoCyt it was 90 and 75%; for fluorescence in-situ hybridization it was 85 and 95%; for the telomerase assay it was 77 and 85%; and for the microsatellite assay it was 89 and 100%. DNA ploidy measurements, recent molecular markers and immunoassays designed to detect keratins, proteins, cell adhesion molecules, fibrinogen degradation products, and fibrinolysis markers were also included. SUMMARY: As is clear from the brief summary of available assays, the optimal method of application is not yet clear. The integration of an assay into clinical practice takes more than just the documentation of its sensitivity and specificity. However, several of the procedures have received considerable support from urologists as assisting them in the management of their patients.
Authors: Hongyong Zhang; Olulanu H Aina; Kit S Lam; Ralph de Vere White; Christopher Evans; Paul Henderson; Primo N Lara; Xiaobing Wang; James A Bassuk; Chong-Xian Pan Journal: Urol Oncol Date: 2010-10-02 Impact factor: 3.498
Authors: Sanaa Eissa; Menha Swellam; Amr Amin; Mohamed E Balbaa; Galila Ahmed Yacout; Tarek Mostafa El-Zayat Journal: Med Oncol Date: 2011-03-25 Impact factor: 3.064
Authors: Juliane Schmidt; Catharina Propping; Woei-Yun Siow; Andrea Lohse-Fischer; Marieta Toma; Anka Baldauf-Twelker; Oliver W Hakenberg; Manfred P Wirth; Susanne Fuessel Journal: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Date: 2015-09-02 Impact factor: 4.553