Zinc and diarrhea.

Malnutrition is a major factor in the etiology, management and prognosis of persistent diarrhea in young children. Apart from inadequate energy intake, deficiencies of several specific nutrients have been implicated. Zinc is a micronutrient that appears to be of special interest, at least in some communities. Zinc deficiency has been documented in otherwise normal children. The risk of deficiency, however, is enhanced by diarrhea which is associated with variable but sometimes gross increases in zinc losses in the feces. These losses could contribute to a vicious circle, as there is now evidence that mild as well as severe zinc deficiency states can contribute to the duration and severity of diarrheal disease. During rehabilitation, impaired zinc nutriture could be responsible for slow growth, especially if the rehabilitation diet is high in phytate, a recognized inhibitor of zinc absorption. Research should be directed to a better understanding of zinc metabolism and homeostasis during diarrhea disease, to the consequences of zinc deficiency and to the benefits to be derived from zinc supplementation programs.