Metabolic rate during foraging in the honeybee.

The metabolic rate of free-flying honeybees, Apis mellifera ligustica, was determined by means of a novel respirometric device that allowed measurement of CO2 produced by bees foraging under controlled reward at an artificial food source. Metabolic rate increased with reward (sugar flow rate) at the food source. In addition, there was no clear-cut dependence of metabolic rate on load carried during the visit, neither as crop load nor as supplementary weights attached to the thorax. The hypothesis that metabolic rate, as well as foraging and recruiting activities, depend on the motivational state of the foraging bee determined by the reward at the food source is discussed.