Soluble rat adipocyte phosphatidate phosphatase activity: characterization and effects of fasting and various lipids.

Phosphatidate phosphatase (phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.4) was present at very high specific activity in the soluble fraction of isolated rat adipocytes. Using phosphatidate in aqueous dispersion 90% of its hydrolysis depended on the presence of Mg2+. Mg2+ appeared to almost saturate the enzyme at 20-40 mM with no indication of an optimum. The substrate concentration was optimum at 1.2 mM and the pH at 6.8. Initial rates were linear for only 4-5 min at optimum conditions. Increasing inhibition occurred at high phosphatidate concentrations. At optimum conditions acid or alkaline phosphatase activity was not measurable. The Mg2+-dependent activity was enhanced by 3-sn-phophatidylcholine and inhibited by albumin, 3-sn-phosphatidyletanolamine, 3-sn-phosphatidylinositol, diacylglycerol, oleoyl-CoA, and oleate. Oleoyl-CoA was the most potent "effector". Fasting for 24, 48 and 72 h decreased the activity both relative to protein and to DNA. The activity thus decreased to about one-third of that of the fed rat during 72 h of fasting. The effects of Mg2+, various lipids, and fasting may indicate that some form of control of glyceride synthesis can be exerted through the soluble phosphatidate phosphatase.