Ubiquitin-RAS peptide extensions as substrates for farnesyl-protein transferase and carboxymethyltransferase.

Using oligonucleotide-mediated 'loop-in' mutagenesis strategies in M13, a heat-inducible ubiquitin (Ub) gene was extended by sequences coding for the C-terminal 11 amino acids of Ha-RAS. The resulting gene was transformed into AR13 and production of the Ub-peptide extension was induced by heat treatment. After one-step purification, the fusion protein (Ub-cRAS) was used as a substrate for farnesyl-protein transferase. Ub-cRAS was farnesylated on incubation in Xenopus egg extract or rabbit reticulocyte lysate. In contrast, when serine was substituted for the last cysteine in the RAS extension, transfer of the [3H]farnesyl group from [3H] farnesyl pyrophosphate to the modified Ub-cRAS was not observed. Farnesylation of Ub-cRAS permitted us to develop an easy membrane-binding assay for farnesyl-protein transferase enzyme activity. Using this assay, we partially purified the enzyme from rabbit reticulocyte lysate. We also detected methylation of the farnesylated Ub-cRAS terminus in Xenopus egg extract.