Stavudine or indinavir-containing regimens are associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected individuals.

Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 16 out of 1011 HIV-positive patients over a median follow-up of 289 days (person-year incidence 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.18-3.33). Significant risk factors for the onset of diabetes were older age and antiretroviral therapy with stavudine or indinavir. Older men with HIV infection should be considered at higher risk of diabetes, and caution maybe warranted in the use of both indinavir and stavudine in these patients.