Vito Ricci1, Laura Piddock. 1. Antimicrobial Agents Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6)-quinolone with good anti-anaerobe activity. The accumulation of garenoxacin and five other quinolones in the presence and absence of a variety of efflux pump inhibitors, including carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP: 100 microM), verapamil (25 microM), reserpine (20 mg/L), sodium orthovanadate (50 microM) and Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide (MC-207110) (20 mg/L) was investigated. METHODS: Bacteroides fragilis was grown in Wilkins Chalgren broth (Oxoid Ltd, UK) in a MKII anaerobic workstation (Don Whitley, Shipley, UK). Susceptibility testing was performed, according to the agar doubling dilution method, using Wilkins Chalgren agar supplemented with 5% horse blood. A fluorometric assay was used to measure the accumulation of quinolones (10 mg/L) by B. fragilis. RESULTS: The activity of the agents for B. fragilis NCTC 9343/ATCC 25285 was clinafloxacin>garenoxacin>levofloxacin=gatifloxacin>moxifloxacin>ciprofloxacin. A weak correlation was observed between the molecular size of the free form and the MIC, the steady state concentration (SSC) and the initial rate of accumulation, but not for the hydrophobicity of each agent. In the presence of reserpine, the SSC of all agents increased. The addition of CCCP had no effect upon garenoxacin or clinafloxacin accumulation, but significantly increased the SSC of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and levofloxacin. Verapamil increased the SSC of garenoxacin, whereas sodium orthovanadate had no effect on the concentration of accumulated garenoxacin. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there is probably more than one type of efflux pump in B. fragilis that exports quinolones.
OBJECTIVES:Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6)-quinolone with good anti-anaerobe activity. The accumulation of garenoxacin and five other quinolones in the presence and absence of a variety of efflux pump inhibitors, including carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP: 100 microM), verapamil (25 microM), reserpine (20 mg/L), sodium orthovanadate (50 microM) and Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide (MC-207110) (20 mg/L) was investigated. METHODS:Bacteroides fragilis was grown in Wilkins Chalgren broth (Oxoid Ltd, UK) in a MKII anaerobic workstation (Don Whitley, Shipley, UK). Susceptibility testing was performed, according to the agar doubling dilution method, using Wilkins Chalgren agar supplemented with 5% horse blood. A fluorometric assay was used to measure the accumulation of quinolones (10 mg/L) by B. fragilis. RESULTS: The activity of the agents for B. fragilis NCTC 9343/ATCC 25285 was clinafloxacin>garenoxacin>levofloxacin=gatifloxacin>moxifloxacin>ciprofloxacin. A weak correlation was observed between the molecular size of the free form and the MIC, the steady state concentration (SSC) and the initial rate of accumulation, but not for the hydrophobicity of each agent. In the presence of reserpine, the SSC of all agents increased. The addition of CCCP had no effect upon garenoxacin or clinafloxacin accumulation, but significantly increased the SSC of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and levofloxacin. Verapamil increased the SSC of garenoxacin, whereas sodium orthovanadate had no effect on the concentration of accumulated garenoxacin. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there is probably more than one type of efflux pump in B. fragilis that exports quinolones.
Authors: Vito Ricci; Marnie L Peterson; John C Rotschafer; Hannah Wexler; Laura J V Piddock Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2004-04 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Ruben Tommasi; Dean G Brown; Grant K Walkup; John I Manchester; Alita A Miller Journal: Nat Rev Drug Discov Date: 2015-07-03 Impact factor: 84.694
Authors: Ishrat J Azmi; Bijay K Khajanchi; Fatema Akter; Trisheeta N Hasan; Mohammad Shahnaij; Mahmuda Akter; Atanu Banik; Halima Sultana; Mohammad A Hossain; Mohammad K Ahmed; Shah M Faruque; Kaisar A Talukder Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-07-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Wanida Phetsang; Ruby Pelingon; Mark S Butler; Sanjaya Kc; Miranda E Pitt; Geraldine Kaeslin; Matthew A Cooper; Mark A T Blaskovich Journal: ACS Infect Dis Date: 2016-08-16 Impact factor: 5.084