BACKGROUND: Previous studies revealed that cognitive test scores were related to functional outcome in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the relationship between the rate of cognitive decline at the initial disease phase and the risk of reaching clinical milestones in subsequent years has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the rate of cognitive decline predicts the risk of reaching functional milestones in patients with probable AD. DESIGN: A 5-year prospective study was conducted at 3 sites. SETTING: Outpatient research and treatment centers. PARTICIPANTS: Patients diagnosed with probable AD (N = 236; mean age, 73 years; 59% women; mean years of education, 13). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (mMMSE) scores were used to assess the rate of cognitive decline over time. Total dependence score and 2 clinical milestones: (1) the need to be dressed, groomed, and washed and (2) receiving a level of care equivalent to a placement in a health-related facility, were derived from the Dependence Scale. RESULTS: General estimating equation analyses revealed that the rate of cognitive decline during the entire follow-up period was positively related to an increase in total dependence scores. Cox analyses showed that a fast rate of decline during the first year was related to an increase in the risk of reaching clinical milestones in subsequent years. Analyses controlled for age, sex, education, and baseline mMMSE scores. CONCLUSION: A fast rate of cognitive decline was associated with increasing risk of reaching clinical milestones in AD.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies revealed that cognitive test scores were related to functional outcome in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the relationship between the rate of cognitive decline at the initial disease phase and the risk of reaching clinical milestones in subsequent years has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the rate of cognitive decline predicts the risk of reaching functional milestones in patients with probable AD. DESIGN: A 5-year prospective study was conducted at 3 sites. SETTING:Outpatient research and treatment centers. PARTICIPANTS: Patients diagnosed with probable AD (N = 236; mean age, 73 years; 59% women; mean years of education, 13). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (mMMSE) scores were used to assess the rate of cognitive decline over time. Total dependence score and 2 clinical milestones: (1) the need to be dressed, groomed, and washed and (2) receiving a level of care equivalent to a placement in a health-related facility, were derived from the Dependence Scale. RESULTS: General estimating equation analyses revealed that the rate of cognitive decline during the entire follow-up period was positively related to an increase in total dependence scores. Cox analyses showed that a fast rate of decline during the first year was related to an increase in the risk of reaching clinical milestones in subsequent years. Analyses controlled for age, sex, education, and baseline mMMSE scores. CONCLUSION: A fast rate of cognitive decline was associated with increasing risk of reaching clinical milestones in AD.
Authors: M E Soto; S Andrieu; C Arbus; M Ceccaldi; P Couratier; T Dantoine; J-F Dartigues; S Gillette-Guyonnet; F Nourhashemi; P-J Ousset; M Poncet; F Portet; J Touchon; B Vellas Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2008-12 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: C W Zhu; C Leibman; R Townsend; T McLaughlin; N Scarmeas; M Albert; J Brandt; D Blacker; M Sano; Y Stern Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2009-03 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: Trent McLaughlin; Howard Feldman; Howard Fillit; Mary Sano; Frederick Schmitt; Paul Aisen; Christopher Leibman; Lisa Mucha; J Michael Ryan; Sean D Sullivan; D Eldon Spackman; Peter J Neumann; Joshua Cohen; Yaakov Stern Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2010-11 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: Carolyn W Zhu; Christopher Leibman; Trent McLaughlin; Nikolaos Scarmeas; Marilyn Albert; Jason Brandt; Deborah Blacker; Mary Sano; Yaakov Stern Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2008-07-24 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: D Eldon Spackman; Srikanth Kadiyala; Peter J Neumann; David L Veenstra; Sean D Sullivan Journal: Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen Date: 2013-03-19 Impact factor: 2.035
Authors: Pedro K Curiati; Regina M Magaldi; Claudia K Suemoto; Cassio M C Bottino; Ricardo Nitrini; José Marcelo Farfel; Wilson Jacob-Filho Journal: Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra Date: 2014-10-29