Spontaneous regenerative activity in mammalian retinal bipolar cells: roles of multiple subtypes of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.

Patch-clamp recordings were used to investigate the properties of the regenerative activity in acutely isolated bipolar cells from the rat retina. Spontaneous, pacemaker-like membrane potential oscillations were observed in all rod bipolar cells and the majority of cone bipolar cells. The waveform of the regenerative potential was stereotypical but distinct among different bipolar cell groups, especially between rod and cone bipolar cells. The spontaneous activity was completely blocked by Co2+, suggesting that Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels was required for initiating such activity. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, however, was not found to be involved. The spontaneous activity was also blocked by mibefradil, a T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist. In contrast, application of nimodipine, an L-type Ca2+ current antagonist, affected mainly the waveform of the regenerative potential. This study shows that mammalian retinal bipolar cells in isolation are also capable of generating Ca2+-dependent spontaneous regenerative potential. However, T-type Ca2+ channels appear to be essential for the initiation of the spontaneous activity in mammalian bipolar cells.