Foot and mouth disease in Tanzania: an overview of its national status.

The presence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Tanzania is a major obstacle to the development of the national livestock industry because of its adverse effects on livestock production and on trade of animals and animal products into lucrative export markets. FMD is endemic in Tanzania, the affected area is extensive and lack of funding makes eradication unrealistic. Uncontrolled livestock movements, the presence of large populations of wildlife in regular contacts with livestock, and the general lack of enthusiasm for FMD control among the key stakeholders, are some of the factors favouring the persistence of FMD in Tanzania. This review examines the epidemiology, dynamics and socio-economic significance of FMD in the national herd. Various control options available in Tanzanian context are also explored.