Karl A Sporer1, Rachel L Chin, Jo Ellen Dyer, Ryan Lamb. 1. Department of Emergency Services, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. ksporer@itsa.ucsf.edu
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We discuss a prospective case series of patients who present with a severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate intoxication with confirmatory serum and urine gamma-hydroxybutyrate levels. METHODS: Patients with a clinical suspicion of gamma-hydroxybutyrate-like drug overdoses and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or lower were identified from July 1998 through January 1999. Serial serum specimens and a single urine specimen were collected. The levels of gamma-hydroxybutyrate were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: All 16 suspected severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose patients had significant serum or urine levels of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Serum levels ranged from 45 to 295 mg/L, with a median of 180 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 235 to 118 mg/L). Patients who developed a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 had serum levels that ranged from 72 to 300 mg/L, with a median of 193 mg/L (IQR 242 to 124 mg/L). The time of awakening ranged from 30 minutes to 190 minutes, with a median of 120 minutes (IQR 150 to 83 minutes). Quantitative serum gamma-hydroxybutyrate levels did not correlate with the degree of coma or the time to awakening. Urine levels ranged from 432 to 2,407 mg/L, with a median of 1,263 mg/L (IQR 1,550 to 796 mg/L). Mild transitory hypoventilation occurred in 5 of the 16 patients. CONCLUSION: All of our patients with clinically suspected severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose were confirmed to have significant serum and urine levels of exogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate. They presented with severe coma that lasted 1 to 2 hours. Transient hypoventilation occurred in one third of these patients.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We discuss a prospective case series of patients who present with a severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate intoxication with confirmatory serum and urine gamma-hydroxybutyrate levels. METHODS:Patients with a clinical suspicion of gamma-hydroxybutyrate-like drug overdoses and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or lower were identified from July 1998 through January 1999. Serial serum specimens and a single urine specimen were collected. The levels of gamma-hydroxybutyrate were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: All 16 suspected severe gamma-hydroxybutyrateoverdosepatients had significant serum or urine levels of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Serum levels ranged from 45 to 295 mg/L, with a median of 180 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 235 to 118 mg/L). Patients who developed a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 had serum levels that ranged from 72 to 300 mg/L, with a median of 193 mg/L (IQR 242 to 124 mg/L). The time of awakening ranged from 30 minutes to 190 minutes, with a median of 120 minutes (IQR 150 to 83 minutes). Quantitative serum gamma-hydroxybutyrate levels did not correlate with the degree of coma or the time to awakening. Urine levels ranged from 432 to 2,407 mg/L, with a median of 1,263 mg/L (IQR 1,550 to 796 mg/L). Mild transitory hypoventilation occurred in 5 of the 16 patients. CONCLUSION: All of our patients with clinically suspected severe gamma-hydroxybutyrateoverdose were confirmed to have significant serum and urine levels of exogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate. They presented with severe coma that lasted 1 to 2 hours. Transient hypoventilation occurred in one third of these patients.
Authors: Ilene B Anderson; Susan Y Kim; Jo Ellen Dyer; Cindy B Burkhardt; Jayme C Iknoian; Michael J Walsh; Paul D Blanc Journal: Ann Emerg Med Date: 2005-12-28 Impact factor: 5.721
Authors: Hilke Andresen-Streichert; P Jensen; J Kietzerow; M Schrot; N Wilke; E Vettorazzi; A Mueller; S Iwersen-Bergmann Journal: Int J Legal Med Date: 2014-08-02 Impact factor: 2.686