OBJECTIVE: To determine response of low-IQ children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH). METHODS: An aggregated analysis was conducted in 90 children with low IQ who received the same dose regimen ofMPH in three independent, placebo-controlled studies. Active drug and placebo were given from 2 to 4 weeks each. Outcome measures included teacher and parent ratings on standardized behavior scales (mean n = 84), performance on computer-controlled cognitive-motor tests (n = 62), and measures of cardiovascular response (n = 85). RESULTS: Both teachers and parents rated the children consistently as being improved on subscales assessing attention, overactivity, and conduct problems. Some 44% of the subjects showed at least a 30% reduction compared with placebo on teacher ratings. MPH improved accuracy on several cognitive tests, response speed was increased on some, and seat activity declined for one of three tests; heart rate was mildly increased (3.9 beats/minute) with MPH. Analyses of IQ and mental age as moderator variables suggested that lower functional level (especially lower IQ) may be associated with a less favorable response to MPH. CONCLUSIONS:Children with low IQ and ADHD clearly respond to MPH, but their rate of beneficial response appears to be well under that of normal-IQ children and more varied. Different attentional mechanisms may moderate response to psychostimulants.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To determine response of low-IQ children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH). METHODS: An aggregated analysis was conducted in 90 children with low IQ who received the same dose regimen of MPH in three independent, placebo-controlled studies. Active drug and placebo were given from 2 to 4 weeks each. Outcome measures included teacher and parent ratings on standardized behavior scales (mean n = 84), performance on computer-controlled cognitive-motor tests (n = 62), and measures of cardiovascular response (n = 85). RESULTS: Both teachers and parents rated the children consistently as being improved on subscales assessing attention, overactivity, and conduct problems. Some 44% of the subjects showed at least a 30% reduction compared with placebo on teacher ratings. MPH improved accuracy on several cognitive tests, response speed was increased on some, and seat activity declined for one of three tests; heart rate was mildly increased (3.9 beats/minute) with MPH. Analyses of IQ and mental age as moderator variables suggested that lower functional level (especially lower IQ) may be associated with a less favorable response to MPH. CONCLUSIONS:Children with low IQ and ADHD clearly respond to MPH, but their rate of beneficial response appears to be well under that of normal-IQ children and more varied. Different attentional mechanisms may moderate response to psychostimulants.
Authors: Heather M Conklin; Susan Helton; Jason Ashford; Raymond K Mulhern; Wilburn E Reddick; Ronald Brown; Melanie Bonner; Bruce W Jasper; Shengjie Wu; Xiaoping Xiong; Raja B Khan Journal: J Pediatr Psychol Date: 2009-05-22
Authors: Stephen Bent; Robert L Hendren; Tara Zandi; Kiely Law; Jae-Eun Choi; Felicia Widjaja; Luther Kalb; Jay Nestle; Paul Law Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2014-03-12 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Jaswinder K Ghuman; Michael G Aman; Luc Lecavalier; Mark A Riddle; Alan Gelenberg; Ron Wright; Sydney Rice; Harinder S Ghuman; Carolyn Fort Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Date: 2009-08 Impact factor: 2.576