Discomallear and malleomandibular ligaments: anatomical study and clinical applications.

Phylogenesis, ontogenesis and anatomy show the existence of two discomallear and malleomandibular ligaments, arising from the first branchial arch and uniting the middle ear with the temporomandibular joint and to the mandible. The intra-articular discomallear ligament is the involuted tendon of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the primitive quadrato-articular joint. The malleomandibular ligament is the fibrous remnant of Meckel's cartilage. In the physiology of the temporomandibular joint, the discomallear ligament alone limits the anterior movement of the disc. Its stretching accompanies disco-condylar disunity, hyperlaxity and temporomandibular dislocation. The malleomandibular ligament, wrongly limited to its sphenomandibular part in classic anatomy, has no physiological role. However, it can be responsible for the dislocation of the ear ossicle chain after disarticulation or temporomandibular trauma. These two ligaments do not play any role in otological manifestations in dysfunction of the manducatory apparatus.