The effects of tannic acid on cytochrome P450 and phase II enzymes in mouse liver and kidney.

Tannic acid, a naturally occurring plant polyphenol, was shown to decrease the mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity of several amines derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rodents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tannic acid on the activities of murine cytochrome P450 and phase II enzymes. The activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MROD), p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) were measured in the liver and kidney microsomes of female Swiss mice treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tannic acid in the dose range of 20-80 mg/kg. At the highest dose, tannic acid decreased the activities of EROD and MROD by 25-28% in mouse liver, while the activity of both hepatic and renal PNPH was reduced by approximately 50% as result of treatment. Moreover, Western blot analysis with CYP2E1 specific antibody showed a significant decrease in the levels of hepatic CYP2E1 in tannic acid treated animals. This polyphenol affected also the phase II enzymes in both tissues examined. The activity of GST was elevated in kidneys, but reduced in livers of the animals treated with tannic acid. The most striking effect was the inhibition of hepatic NQO1. The effect was dose dependent and almost 90% inhibition was observed after the treatment with tannic acid at the dose of 60 and 80 mg/kg. The same treatment caused the approximately 60% inhibition of renal NQO1. These results indicate that tannic acid, beside of scavenging active metabolites of chemical carcinogens, can change their metabolism by modulating the enzymes involved in xenobiotics activation and/or detoxification pathways.