Improving hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry by reduction of the back-exchange effect.

The measurement of deuterium incorporation kinetics using hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments is a valuable tool for the investigation of the conformational dynamics of biomolecules in solution. Experiments consist of two parts when using H/D exchange mass spectrometry to analyse the deuterium incorporation. After deuterium incorporation at high D(2)O concentration, it is necessary to decrease the D(2)O concentration before the mass analysis to avoid deuterium incorporation under artificial conditions of mass spectrometric preparation and measurement. A low D(2)O concentration, however, leads to back-exchange of incorporated deuterons during mass analysis. This back-exchange is one of the major problems in H/D exchange mass spectrometry and must be reduced as much as possible. In the past, techniques using electrospray ionization (ESI) had the lowest back-exchange values possible in H/D exchange mass spectrometry. Methods for the measurement of H/D exchange by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) that have been developed since 1998 have some significant advantages, but they could not achieve the back-exchange minima of ESI methods. Here, we present a protocol for H/D exchange MALDI-MS which allows for greater minimization of back-exchange compared with H/D exchange ESI-MS under similar conditions. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.