BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically improved the prognosis for patients with HIV. There is ongoing debate over a potential gender effect on patient outcome after HAART. METHODS: Individuals were from the EuroSIDA cohort, naive to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and had at least one viral load and CD4 measurement prior to starting HAART. Endpoints were virologic (time to <500 copies/mL, time to rebound [first of two consecutive viral loads >500 copies/mL]), immunologic (time to a 100/mm cell rise in CD4 count) and clinical (time to new AIDS and death). Hazard ratios (HR), derived using Cox regression models, compared female to male rates of achieving endpoints. RESULTS: Of 2547 patients, 20% (511) were female. Significantly more females than males were nonwhite (24% vs. 10%, p <.001). Males were older (median age 39 vs. 35 years, p <.0001), had lower CD4 counts (211 vs. 240/mm, p =.03), higher viral loads (4.6 vs. 4.4 log copies/mL, p <.0001), were more likely to have a history of AIDS (26% vs. 18%, p <.001) and were more likely to be treatment-naive (34% vs. 29%, p =.03). Adjusted HR for association between gender (comparing females with males) and the outcomes studied were as follows: for reaching <500 copies/mL 0.91 (0.81-1.03, p =.17), rebound 1.17 (0.95-1.44, p =.15), for 100 cell CD4 count rise 1.02 (0.88-1.14, p =.99), for progression to new AIDS 1.12 (0.73-1.71, p =.59) and for time to death 1.15 (0.69-1.92, p =.57). CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant evidence of a gender difference in virologic, immunologic, or clinical outcomes after starting HAART.
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically improved the prognosis for patients with HIV. There is ongoing debate over a potential gender effect on patient outcome after HAART. METHODS: Individuals were from the EuroSIDA cohort, naive to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and had at least one viral load and CD4 measurement prior to starting HAART. Endpoints were virologic (time to <500 copies/mL, time to rebound [first of two consecutive viral loads >500 copies/mL]), immunologic (time to a 100/mm cell rise in CD4 count) and clinical (time to new AIDS and death). Hazard ratios (HR), derived using Cox regression models, compared female to male rates of achieving endpoints. RESULTS: Of 2547 patients, 20% (511) were female. Significantly more females than males were nonwhite (24% vs. 10%, p <.001). Males were older (median age 39 vs. 35 years, p <.0001), had lower CD4 counts (211 vs. 240/mm, p =.03), higher viral loads (4.6 vs. 4.4 log copies/mL, p <.0001), were more likely to have a history of AIDS (26% vs. 18%, p <.001) and were more likely to be treatment-naive (34% vs. 29%, p =.03). Adjusted HR for association between gender (comparing females with males) and the outcomes studied were as follows: for reaching <500 copies/mL 0.91 (0.81-1.03, p =.17), rebound 1.17 (0.95-1.44, p =.15), for 100 cell CD4 count rise 1.02 (0.88-1.14, p =.99), for progression to new AIDS 1.12 (0.73-1.71, p =.59) and for time to death 1.15 (0.69-1.92, p =.57). CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant evidence of a gender difference in virologic, immunologic, or clinical outcomes after starting HAART.
Authors: Aimalohi A Ahonkhai; Juliet Adeola; Bolanle Banigbe; Ifeyinwa Onwuatuelo; Abdulkabir B Adegoke; Ingrid V Bassett; Elena Losina; Kenneth A Freedberg; Prosper Okonkwo; Susan Regan Journal: J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care Date: 2016-10-10
Authors: Julia L Marcus; Wendy A Leyden; Chun R Chao; Lanfang Xu; Charles P Quesenberry; Phyllis C Tien; Daniel B Klein; William J Towner; Michael A Horberg; Michael J Silverberg Journal: AIDS Patient Care STDS Date: 2015-05-18 Impact factor: 5.078
Authors: Cynthia Firnhaber; Laura M Smeaton; Beatriz Grinsztejn; Umesh Lalloo; Sharla Faesen; Wadzanai Samaneka; Rosa Infante; Aadia Rana; Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy; James Hakim; Thomas B Campbell Journal: HIV Clin Trials Date: 2015-05-15
Authors: N Kumarasamy; K K Venkatesh; A J Cecelia; B Devaleenol; S Saghayam; T Yepthomi; P Balakrishnan; T Flanigan; S Solomon; K H Mayer Journal: J Womens Health (Larchmt) Date: 2008-11 Impact factor: 2.681