Knowledge dissemination and utilization in gerontology: an organizing framework.

PURPOSE: Enabling valuable research findings to be used by the field requires a strategic approach to dissemination and utilization rather than simply making constituencies aware of the information. This article describes a conceptual framework for the dissemination and utilization of information, along with examples of its use by the Boston University Roybal Center for Enhancement of Late Life Function. DESIGN AND METHODS: The framework identifies dissemination/utilization goals of exposure, experience, expertise, and embedding ("4 E") and relates each goal to strategies targeted for specific users. RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS: The Boston University center exposed the field to information through presentations, print- and Web-based information, provided consumers and family members with new findings through motivational videotapes, developed expertise-level training programs, and embedded the new findings within organizations and systems. The 4 E framework can translate critical research outcomes into useful information to assist the field to better care and support available for individuals in late life.