PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS1 rDNA of Culicoides arakawae.

The first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA from Culicoides arakawae was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. The wDNAsis software was used to analyze the ITS1 sequences of C. arakawae and other nine species of Culicoides, which were obtained from GenBank and EMBL databases. For all species, the lengths of the ITS1 were 316-469 bp, and the G+C contents were 26.79-34.53%. Based on the lengths of the ITS1 sequences, the 10 Culicoides species could be divided into two groups. The first group consisted of C. arakawae, C. albicans, C. cubitalis, C. pulicaris and C. punctatus, and the second group comprised C. impunctatus, C. nubeculosus, C. variipennis, C. grisescens and C. imicola. The lengths for the first group were 316-347 bp and the second group were 457-469 bp. C. arakawae belonged to the first group by its ITS1 sequence length. Sequence analysis revealed that C. arakawae was genetically more similar to the first group than it was to the second group, consistent with results based on sequence length. The alignment of ITS1 (the alignment length was 500 bp including the gaps) sequences showed that there was a highly conserved region, which was between 288 and 388 bp, except for a few insertions and substitutions. These findings have important implications for the molecular identification of C. arakawae, for studying its molecular genetics and epidemiology, and for studying the molecular systematics of Culicoides.