RANK ligand-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ accelerates nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B in osteoclasts.

RANK ligand (RANKL) induces activation of NFkappaB, enhancing the formation, resorptive activity, and survival of osteoclasts. Ca(2+) transduces many signaling events, however, it is not known whether the actions of RANKL involve Ca(2+) signaling. We investigated the effects of RANKL on rat osteoclasts using microspectrofluorimetry and patch clamp. RANKL induced transient elevation of cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) to maxima 220 nm above basal, resulting in activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) current. RANKL elevated [Ca(2+)](i) in Ca(2+)-containing and Ca(2+)-free media, and responses were prevented by the phospholipase C inhibitor. Suppression of [Ca(2+)](i) elevation using the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) abolished the ability of RANKL to enhance osteoclast survival. Using immunofluorescence, NFkappaB was found predominantly in the cytosol of untreated osteoclasts. RANKL induced transient translocation of NFkappaB to the nuclei, which was maximal at 15 min. or BAPTA delayed nuclear translocation of NFkappaB. Delays were also observed upon inhibition of calcineurin or protein kinase C. We conclude that RANKL acts through phospholipase C to release Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, accelerating nuclear translocation of NFkappaB and promoting osteoclast survival. Such cross-talk between NFkappaB and Ca(2+) signaling provides a novel mechanism for the temporal regulation of gene expression in osteoclasts and other cell types.