Ethical considerations on indications for gender selection in Japan.

Gender selection is a matter of great concern to a cohort of parents. To what extent the methods available are ethically acceptable at present differs depending upon the society and times the couples live in. In the present communication, the current situation in Japan in use for gender selection by empirical methods without sperm separation, conventional methods with sperm separation and preimplantation genetic diagnosis of human embryos has been provided and considered in the light of human dignity as well as human right.