Diameter growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration under boreal conditions.

We investigated the impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on diameter growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), aged about 20 years, grown with a low nitrogen supply in closed chambers at (i) ambient temperature and [CO2] (AT+AC), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [CO2] (AT+EC), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [CO2] (ET+AC), and (iv). elevated temperature and [CO2] (ET+EC). Each treatment was replicated four times. Diameter growth was monitored with a band dendrograph at 15-min intervals throughout the growing seasons of 1997, 1998 and 1999. Over the monitoring period, diameter growth began 2-3 weeks earlier in trees in the ET+EC and ET+AC chambers than in trees in the AT+AC and AT+EC chambers. However, the cessation of growth occurred about a week later in trees in the ET+EC, ET+AC and AT+EC chambers compared with the AT+AC chambers. The duration of the growing season was 115 and 108 days in the ET+EC and ET+AC chambers, respectively, and 95 and 84 days in the AT+EC and AT+AC chambers, respectively. The ET+AC and ET+EC treatments enhanced diameter growth most early in the growing season, whereas in trees in the AT+AC and AT+EC treatments diameter growth rate was highest in the middle of the growing season. Diameter growth rate leveled off more slowly in trees in the ET+EC and AT+EC treatments than in the other treatments. The growth response to elevated T, elevated [CO2] or both decreased with time and it was less than the maximum observed in other studies for small seedlings and under optimal growth conditions. Nevertheless, cumulative diameter growth for the 3-year period was 67% greater in trees in the ET+EC treatment, and 57 and 26% greater in trees in the AT+EC and ET+AC treatments, respectively, compared with trees in the AT+AC treatment. Over the 3 years, [CO2] had a statistically significant (P < 0.10) effect on both absolute and relative diameter growth, but the interaction between [CO2] and temperature was not significant.