Margaret E Black1, Janet Yamada, Valerie Mann. 1. School of Nursing, McMaster University & Hamilton Social and Public Health Services Department, 1200 Main St. W., 3N28H, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5. blackm@mcmaster.ca
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and summarize evidence of the effectiveness of interventions available to public health staff that could be used to increase cervical cancer screening to women. METHOD: A thorough literature review was conducted, articles screened for relevance and assessed for quality. RESULTS: Of 42 relevant studies, 1 was rated 'strong', 18 'moderate' and 23 'weak'. Among the strong/moderate studies, 10 were aimed at disadvantaged women. The most frequently used intervention was mass media campaigns, alone or combined with individual strategies; followed by individual education using lay health educators; and last, letters of invitation. Thirteen of the moderate/strong studies evaluated strategies that reported statistically significant increases in Pap smear rates and other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies that combined mass media campaigns with direct tailored education to women and/or health care providers seemed most successful. The importance of accurate centralized cytology databases for recall is underscored.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and summarize evidence of the effectiveness of interventions available to public health staff that could be used to increase cervical cancer screening to women. METHOD: A thorough literature review was conducted, articles screened for relevance and assessed for quality. RESULTS: Of 42 relevant studies, 1 was rated 'strong', 18 'moderate' and 23 'weak'. Among the strong/moderate studies, 10 were aimed at disadvantaged women. The most frequently used intervention was mass media campaigns, alone or combined with individual strategies; followed by individual education using lay health educators; and last, letters of invitation. Thirteen of the moderate/strong studies evaluated strategies that reported statistically significant increases in Pap smear rates and other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies that combined mass media campaigns with direct tailored education to women and/or health care providers seemed most successful. The importance of accurate centralized cytology databases for recall is underscored.
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