Polydipsia and schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital: a replication study.

A prior study in a US state hospital suggested that schizophrenia, smoking and long hospitalization were associated with polydipsia. This study, in another US hospital, attempts to (1) replicate that schizophrenia and smoking are associated with polydipsia, and (2) rule out that this relationship is partly explained by alcohol and drug use. Both studies have similar methodologies. The second sample included 588 inpatients. Models of variables associated with polydipsia were developed using logistic regression. In the second study, after correcting for other factors, the association between polydipsia and schizophrenia showed a borderline significance, while polydipsia and smoking displayed a significant association. Neither organic brain lesions, nor alcohol or drug use, were associated with polydipsia. An analysis combining both samples showed that: (1) schizophrenia, long hospitalization, smoking and heavy smoking were significantly associated with polydipsia, and (2) male gender and Caucasian race (but not smoking) increased the risk of developing water intoxication in polydipsic patients. These two studies in severely mentally ill patients suggest that the association of polydipsia with schizophrenia, smoking and chronicity is consistent and independent from the definition of polydipsia (by staff, a biological method or the combination of both). Psychiatric medications do not appear to explain most cases of polydipsia in these patients.