Hang-Ju Yang1, Wan-Ju Cheng2,3. 1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, 483 Dong Rong Road, Taichung, 41265, Taiwan. 2. Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan. s871065@gmail.com. 3. Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. s871065@gmail.com.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Hyponatremia affects 10% of patients with chronic schizophrenia and can lead to severe consequences. However, the role of antipsychotics and other risk factors in hyponatremia occurrence has remained inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between antipsychotic use and hyponatremia occurrence in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: We utilized the National Health Insurance Research Database to follow 2051 patients with schizophrenia from 1998 to 2013. Among them, 137 (6.7%) developed hyponatremia. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical comorbidities, and psychiatric treatment experiences were compared between those who had hyponatremia and those who did not. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the hazard ratios (HRs) of these characteristics. RESULTS: In patients with hyponatremia, the mean age at first hyponatremia occurrence was 54.7 ± 13.9 years, an average of 9.5 ± 4.0 years after schizophrenia diagnosis, and 32.9% of them were off antipsychotics before hyponatremia occurrences. Age at schizophrenia diagnosis (HR = 1.1), low-income household (HR = 2.4), comorbidities (HR = 1.2), and psychiatric admissions (HR = 1.04) were associated with the risks of hyponatremia. Compared with no antipsychotic use, atypical (HR = 2.1) and typical antipsychotics (HR = 3.1) were associated with an elevated risk of hyponatremia, after adjustment for age, sex, and physical comorbidities. Carbamazepine use (HR = 2.9) was also a significant risk factor for hyponatremia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotic use in patients with schizophrenia with polypharmacy should be monitored for hyponatremia occurrences. Clinicians should pay attention to the impact of poor living conditions on hyponatremia occurrence.
RATIONALE: Hyponatremia affects 10% of patients with chronic schizophrenia and can lead to severe consequences. However, the role of antipsychotics and other risk factors in hyponatremia occurrence has remained inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between antipsychotic use and hyponatremia occurrence in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: We utilized the National Health Insurance Research Database to follow 2051 patients with schizophrenia from 1998 to 2013. Among them, 137 (6.7%) developed hyponatremia. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical comorbidities, and psychiatric treatment experiences were compared between those who had hyponatremia and those who did not. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the hazard ratios (HRs) of these characteristics. RESULTS: In patients with hyponatremia, the mean age at first hyponatremia occurrence was 54.7 ± 13.9 years, an average of 9.5 ± 4.0 years after schizophrenia diagnosis, and 32.9% of them were off antipsychotics before hyponatremia occurrences. Age at schizophrenia diagnosis (HR = 1.1), low-income household (HR = 2.4), comorbidities (HR = 1.2), and psychiatric admissions (HR = 1.04) were associated with the risks of hyponatremia. Compared with no antipsychotic use, atypical (HR = 2.1) and typical antipsychotics (HR = 3.1) were associated with an elevated risk of hyponatremia, after adjustment for age, sex, and physical comorbidities. Carbamazepine use (HR = 2.9) was also a significant risk factor for hyponatremia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotic use in patients with schizophrenia with polypharmacy should be monitored for hyponatremia occurrences. Clinicians should pay attention to the impact of poor living conditions on hyponatremia occurrence.
Entities:
Keywords:
Antipsychotics; Epidemiology; Risk factors; Schizophrenia; Socioeconomic status
Authors: Cyndie K Mannesse; Eugène P van Puijenbroek; Paul A F Jansen; Rob J van Marum; Patrick C Souverein; Toine C G Egberts Journal: Drug Saf Date: 2010-07-01 Impact factor: 5.606
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