Chemistry-based studies on oxidative DNA damage: formation, repair, and mutagenesis.

Since the discovery of 8-OH-dG formation, various aspects of oxidative DNA damage have been studied. For example, 2-OH-dA and a glyoxal-dG adduct were discovered as new types of oxidative DNA damage; 2-OH-dATP was found to induce mutations and to be a good substrate of a nucleotide sanitization enzyme, the MTH1 protein; and efforts were continued to establish standard methodologies for 8-OH-dG analyses in urine and cellular DNA. By these studies, we found solid chemistry-based approaches were often useful to clarify the biological phenomena.